In more severe neurologic cases treatment may require hospitalization with more intensive veterinary care. The majority of horses with uncomplicated infections recover. Error: Javascript is disabled in this browser. This page requires Javascript. Modify your browser's settings to allow Javascript to execute.
See your browser's documentation for specific instructions. The last form can cause a condition known as Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy EHM , which attacks the spinal cord and brain and can be fatal. The virus is spread by direct horse-to-horse contact, by contaminated hands, equipment and tack, and, for a short time, through aerosolization of the virus within the environment of the stall and stable.
Infected horses that show no clinical signs, which often includes older horses, act as carriers and can shed the virus. Fever may be the only abnormality observed. Other presenting signs may be combinations of fever and respiratory signs of nasal discharge and cough. Some horses have injected i. Horses with neurological disease caused by EHV-1 infection can quickly become uncoordinated and weak and have trouble standing.
Difficulty urinating and defecating may also occur. Often the rear limbs are affected more severely than the front, which results in dog-sitting and toe-dragging. Signs of brain dysfunction may occur as well, including extreme lethargy and a coma-like state. When neurological disease occurs, it is typically 8 to 12 days after the primary infection involving fever. EHV-1 is commonly diagnosed from nasal swabs or blood samples by polymerase chain reaction PCR , which amplifies the DNA of the virus so that it can be detected.
The laboratory recommends submitting both a nasal swab sample and a blood sample if possible. A nasal swab sample is the more desirable of the two if only one sample can be submitted.
Depending on when the sample is received, it is possible to receive same day delivery of test results. Since the positive predictive value the relationship between those individuals who test positive to the number of those testing positive that actually develop clinically significant disease of PCR-based tests for EHV-1 in asymptomatic horses is uncertain at this time, horses outside of quarantine areas or in unexposed stables should not be tested on a random basis.
SWAB - Ship swabs in a sealed container with the appropriate media or in the proper commercial swab transport device. Double bag ALL fresh tissues.
Ship placenta in a separate leakproof, plastic bag. By using our website you agree to our privacy policy. If you have trouble accessing this page because of a disability, please contact PVM Web Communications at vetwebteam purdue.
Purdue University. Fecal swab placed in aerobic transport media Amies with charcoal Fresh feces in leak-proof container. Whole blood in blood culture medium. Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology or Peritoneal fluid cytology or Pleural fluid cytology or Tracheal wash cytology. Nasal swab or deep pharyngeal swab or trans-tracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue. EDTA whole blood in lavender top tube Nasal swab or deep pharyngeal swab or trans-tracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue.
Serum, liver, EDTA whole blood. Tracheal wash fluid in EDTA Smears at least unstained smears preferred Submit a red-top tube if culture is anticipated. Fluid, swab or small tissue collected and immediately placed in anaerobic transport media. EDTA whole blood in lavender top tube or spleen. Feces, illium or tonsillar tissue. Fresh feces, colon or colon contents in leak-proof container.
Nasal swab or nasopharyngeal swab or oropharyngeal swab or tracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue. Aerobic Bacterial Culture includes direct plating plus enrichment. Inoculated anaerobic blood culture bottle. Synovial Fluid Cytology white blood cell count, total protein. EDTA plasma in lavender top tube separated and placed in plastic tube or plain red top tube and frozen within 4 hours of obtaining sample.
Serum separated, cooled, protected from light. CSF cerebrospinal fluid in leak-proof container EDTA whole blood in lavender top tube Nasopharyngeal swab sterile, sealed vials with several drops of saline Tissues, min.
Heparinized plasma separated from a green top tube Serum separated. Uterine swab in Amies transport media. Formalin fixed endometrial biopsy. EDTA whole blood in lavender top tube Serum. EDTA whole blood in lavender top tube Nasal swab in 0. CSF in plain red top tube Nasal swab in 0. CSF in plain red top tube Serum separated. Estrone Sulfate Estrone sulfate for greater than 90 days pregnant; PMSG for days pregnant; Progesterone for less than 60 days pregnant.
Nasal swab or deep pharyngeal swab in sterile, sealed vials with several drops of saline added Transtracheal wash or Bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue in sterile leak-proof containers. Trans-tracheal wash fluid in a red top tube Swab of TTW in bacterial transport media. Tracheal wash fluid in EDTA Smears at least unstained smears preferred Also submit a red-top tube if culture is anticipated. Aerobic Bacterial Culture Rhodococcus equi included.
Nasal or pharyngeal swabs in viral transport media or a red top tube with 0. Transtracheal wash TTW preferred. Serum separated or EDTA whole blood. Fresh feces in leak-proof container, chilled, not frozen. EDTA whole blood in lavender top tube Fresh feces in leak-proof container, chilled, not frozen.
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